常用
管理用户
参考： http://hi.baidu.com/fwso/blog/item/658c00555bdd1cc5b645aee0.html
创建用户
CREATE USER '用户名'@'主机' IDENTIFIED BY '明文密码';
说明:username - 你将创建的用户名, host - 指定该用户在哪个主机上可以登陆,如果是本地用户可用localhost, 如果想让该用户可以从任意远程主机登陆,可以使用通配符%. password - 该用户的登陆密码,密码可以为空,如果为空则该用户可以不需要密码登陆服务器.
CREATE USER 'dog'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; CREATE USER 'pig'@'192.168.1.101_' IDENDIFIED BY '123456'; CREATE USER 'pig'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; CREATE USER 'pig'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY ''; CREATE USER 'pig'@'%';
授权
GRANT privileges ON 数据库名.数据表名 TO '用户名'@'主机';
说明: privileges - 用户的操作权限,如SELECT , INSERT , UPDATE 等(详细列表见该文最后面).如果要授予所的权限则使用ALL.;databasename - 数据库名,tablename-表名,如果要授予该用户对所有数据库和表的相应操作权限则可用*表示, 如*.*.
GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON test.user TO 'pig'@'%'; GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'pig'@'%';
注意:用以上命令授权的用户不能给其它用户授权,如果想让该用户可以授权,用以下命令:
GRANT privileges ON databasename.tablename TO 'username'@'host' WITH GRANT OPTION;
设置与更改用户密码
SET PASSWORD FOR 'username'@'host' = PASSWORD('newpassword');
如果是当前登陆用户用
SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD("newpassword");
SET PASSWORD FOR 'pig'@'%' = PASSWORD("123456");
撤销用户权限
REVOKE privilege ON databasename.tablename FROM 'username'@'host';
说明: privilege, databasename, tablename - 同授权部分.
例子:
REVOKE SELECT ON *.* FROM 'pig'@'%';
注意: 假如你在给用户'pig'@'%'授权的时候是这样的(或类似的):GRANT SELECT ON test.user TO 'pig'@'%', 则在使用REVOKE SELECT ON . FROM 'pig'@'%'; 命令并不能撤销该用户对test数据库中user表的SELECT 操作.相反,如果授权使用的是GRANT SELECT ON . TO 'pig'@'%';则REVOKE SELECT ON test.user FROM 'pig'@'%';命令也不能撤销该用户对test数据库中user表的Select 权限.
具体信息可以用命令SHOW GRANTS FOR 'pig'@'%'; 查看.
删除用户
DROP USER 'username'@'host';
MySQL中的操作权限
- ALTER
- Allows use of ALTER TABLE.
- ALTER ROUTINE
- Alters or drops stored routines.
- CREATE
- Allows use of CREATE TABLE.
- CREATE ROUTINE
- Creates stored routines.
- CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE
- Allows use of CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE.
- CREATE USER
- Allows use of CREATE USER, DROP USER, RENAME USER, and REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES.
- CREATE VIEW
- Allows use of CREATE VIEW.
- DELETE
- Allows use of DELETE.
- DROP
- Allows use of DROP TABLE.
- EXECUTE
- Allows the user to run stored routines.
- FILE
- Allows use of SELECT... INTO OUTFILE and LOAD DATA INFILE.
- INDEX
- Allows use of CREATE INDEX and DROP INDEX.
- INSERT
- Allows use of INSERT.
- LOCK TABLES
- Allows use of LOCK TABLES on tables for which the user also has SELECT privileges.
- PROCESS
- Allows use of SHOW FULL PROCESSLIST.
- RELOAD
- Allows use of FLUSH.
- REPLICATION
- Allows the user to ask where slave or master
- CLIENT
- servers are.
- REPLICATION SLAVE
- Needed for replication slaves.
- SELECT
- Allows use of SELECT.
- SHOW DATABASES
- Allows use of SHOW DATABASES.
- SHOW VIEW
- Allows use of SHOW CREATE VIEW.
- SHUTDOWN
- Allows use of mysqladmin shutdown.
- SUPER
- Allows use of CHANGE MASTER, KILL, PURGE MASTER LOGS, and SET GLOBAL SQL statements. Allows mysqladmin debug command. Allows one extra connection to be made if maximum connections are reached.
- UPDATE
- Allows use of UPDATE.
- USAGE
- Allows connection without any specific privileges
常见问题
重置管理员密码（root）
- 杀掉所有mysql进程，再跳过验证启动mysqld
mysqld_safe --skip-grant --user=mysql &
- 直接登录
mysql -uroot
- 修改密码
mysql> update user set password=password("new-password") where user="root";
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit
Debian 上 "debian-sys-maint'@'localhost" 错误
- 查看 /etc/mysql/debian.cnf 里面的密码文件
# cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf # Automatically generated for Debian scripts. DO NOT TOUCH! [client] host = localhost user = debian-sys-maint password = G29317GLmzEfJWnJ socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock [mysql_upgrade] host = localhost user = debian-sys-maint password = G29317GLmzEfJWnJ socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock basedir = /usr
- 设置密码为上面看到的
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set password=password("G29317GLmzEfJWnJ") where user="debian-sys-maint";
mysql> quit
Debian 下配置 phpmyadmin
配置文件默认地址： /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf
远程连接
(Ubuntu系统)默认情况下，MySQL只允许本地连接，修改 /etc/mysql/my.cnf ， 把下面一行加上注释：
#bind-address = 127.0.0.1
默认 root 用户权限设置也不允许远程登录：
mysql> select host,user from mysql.user; +------------+------------------+ | host | user | +------------+------------------+ | % | wordpressuser | | 127.0.0.1 | root | | kai-laptop | root | | localhost | debian-sys-maint | | localhost | root | | localhost | wordpressuser | +------------+------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
用下面 SQL 语句更新权限：
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@"%" IDENTIFIED BY "yourpasswd"; mysql> flush privileges;
